1979 - The Revolution in Iran: Ayatollah Khomeini (00:08:17)
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The Iranian Revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-west monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic, theocratic democracy under the rule of Ayatollah Khomeini. The revolution is divided into two stages: the first saw an alliance of liberal, leftist, and religious groups oust the Shah; the second stage, often named the Islamic Revolution, saw the ayatollahs come to power. The Shah had been in power since 1941, with a brief interruption in 1953; through the 1960s and 1970s he faced continued opposition, from religious figures as well as from urban middle classes, who were not among the wealthy elite benefitting from the Shah”s extravagance, and who supported a constitutional democracy. The Shah enforced a strict regime, imprisoning hundreds of political activists and enforcing censorship laws. While living conditions for most of the population were poor, there was little popular demand for constitutional reform. In 1978 a series of protests, triggered by a libelous story attacking Khomeini in the official press, created an escalating cycle of violence until, on December 12, over two million people filled the streets of Azadi Square in Tehran to protest against the Shah. The army began to disintegrate as conscripts refused to fire on demonstrators and began to switch sides. The Shah agreed to introduce a more moderate constitution, but it was too late for compromise. The majority of the population was loyal to Khomeini, and when he called for a complete end to the monarchy the Shah was forced to flee the country on January 16, 1979. Khomeini returned to Iran on February 1, invited by the anti-Shah revolution already in progress, and rapidly displaced the more moderate elements, creating an Islamic Republic with Khomeini as Supreme Leader

Keywords:

Islam politics helicopter Iran Tehran Ayatollah Khomeini Shah Abol Hassan Banisadr Bruce Laing Michael Metrinko Ibrahim Yazdır Gary Sick John Limbert Barry Rosen Nassar Hadian Iranian revolution Khomeini in France burning Shahbild Shah leaves Iran Shah in New York We want the Shah Carter's Christmas message Carter resigns U.S. elections God religion famous people famous personality anti-american demonstration in Tehran Iraq-Iran war 1979 Jimmy Carter President United States Carter's speech hospital

Arabic :

الثورة الإيرانية، ويترك الخميني في فرنسا، شاهبيلد الحرق، شاه إيران، شاه في نيويورك، ومستشفى، ومظاهره معادية للأمريكيين في طهران عام 1979، إيران، الإسلام، طهران، أية الله الخميني، وجيمي كارتر رئيس الولايات المتحدة، شاه، وأبو Hassan بني صدر، لينغ بروس، Michael ميترينكو، Yazdır إبراهيم، Gary المرضى، جون لمبرت، روزين Barry، هديان نصار،، ونحن نريد الشاه، رسالة في كارتر عيد الميلاد، وطائرات الهليكوبتر، والعراق وإيران war, U.S. الانتخابات، استقال كارتر ، خطاب كارتر، الشعب الشهيرة، وشخصية مشهورة، الدين، والله، السياسة،,

Chinese Traditional :

1979 年，伊朗，伊斯蘭教，德黑蘭、 阿亞圖拉霍梅尼、 吉米 · 卡特總統美國、 沙、 即位成為 Hassan Banisadr、 布魯斯 · 萊恩、 Michael 梅特林科、 易卜拉欣 Yazdır，Gary 生病、 約翰 · 利伯特、 Barry 羅森，納塞爾海澱伊朗革命，霍梅尼在法國，燃燒 Shahbild Shah 離開伊朗，沙阿在紐約，醫院，在德黑蘭的反美示威，我們希望沙阿卡特的耶誕節消息、 直升機、 伊拉克伊朗 war, U.S.選舉，卡特辭職卡特的講話 著名的人物，著名的個性， 宗教、 上帝， 政治，,

Lithuanian :

1979 m., Iranas, islamas, Teheranas, ajatola Khomeini, Jimmy Carter prezidentas Jungtinių Valstijų, kvailys, Masiania Hassan Banisadr, Bruce Laing, Michael Metrinko, Ibrahim Yazdır, Gary serga, John Limbert, Barry Rosen, Nassar Hadian, Irano revoliucijos, Khomeini – Prancūzija, degimo Shahbild, kvailys lapai Iranas, kvailys, New York, ligoninės, anti-JAV demonstravimo Teherane, mes norime kvailys, Carter's Kalėdų pranešimą, sraigtasparnis, Irako ir Irano war, U.S. rinkimų, Carter atsistatydina , Carter's kalboje, Įžymūs žmonės, garsi asmenybė, religija, Dievo, politika, ,

Asgharzadeh, Ibrahim

(Undergraduate leader) , speaking Persian:
-  "We were really scared. It was 99% sure that the security people of the embassy would shoot us."

Rosen, Barry

(media spokesman, American embassy in Tehran) , speaking English:
-  "I looked out of my window and saw that these young Iranians, with their protesting boards were climbing over the fence and wanted to get to the gate of the embassy. This was the most memorable day of my life."

Metrinko, Michael

(Political officer, American embassy) , speaking English:
-  "He counted always as „our Iranian person“. Iran used to be our oil-source, belonged to the best customers of the military equipment, and protected us, in its way from the Soviet Union."

Yazdi, Ibrahim

(Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Iranian revolutionary government ) , speaking English:
-  "A lot of Iranians looked at America, as something extremely responsible for the crimes and despotism of the Shah."

Yazdi, Ibrahim

(Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Iranian revolutionary government ) , speaking English:
-  "Soon it became a symbol. He handled the crowd with very good sense. He understood their complaints and negative attitude towards the Shah and the foreign influence."

Asgharzadeh, Ibrahim

(Undergraduate leader) , speaking Persian:
-  "The occupation of the embassy was a reaction to America’s action. The entry permit of the Shah meant a crime against the revolution for us."

Hadian, Yasser

(Professor, University of Tehran) , speaking English:
-  "They thought they were martyrs. When they decided to climb through the fence, they were ready to die."

Rosen, Barry

(media spokesman, American embassy in Tehran) , speaking English:
-  "They had automatic weapons. I asked them to leave my office. They replied in their own language. They ordered me to shut up, because I am their hostage."

Asgharzadeh, Ibrahim

(Undergraduate leader) , speaking Persian:
-  "We closed them into the bedroom and other rooms in a way so that we could control them. We separated the men from each other."

Rosen, Barry

(media spokesman, American embassy in Tehran) , speaking English:
-  "One of the guards braced his cold gun to my head and said if I didn’t answer his questions in ten seconds, he would kill me right away."

Yazdi, Ibrahim

(Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Iranian revolutionary government ) , speaking English:
-  "Khomeini used the hijacking in an admirable way, to enhance the power of the clerical order. "

Metrinko, Michael

(Political officer, American embassy) , speaking English:
-  "America got weaker. Though the situation gave a feeling of togetherness and pride which was lost in Vietnam."

Asgharzadeh, Ibrahim

(Undergraduate leader) , speaking Persian:
-  "The Americans explained the action, as a humanitarian action. Although, everything which was planned in the United States of America was aggressive."

Metrinko, Michael

(Political officer, American embassy) , speaking English:
-  "It was a real war. Suddenly we needed diplomatic relationships and weapons, which we didn’t find important before. All these were urgent, we needed them as soon as possible."

Rosen, Barry

(media spokesman, American embassy in Tehran) , speaking English:
-  "In the long term it resulted in the fact, that the Islamic, first of all the Iran Islamic became a devil concept for us."