Warsaw ghetto: Trade, purchase in the Warsaw's market (00:01:03)
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Poland: Trade, purchase in the Warsaw's market he Warsaw Ghetto was established by the German Governor-General Hans Frank on October 16, 1940. Frank ordered Jews in Warsaw and its suburbs rounded up and herded into the Ghetto. At this time, the population in the Ghetto was estimated to be 400,000 people, about 30% of the population of Warsaw; however, the size of the Ghetto was about 2.4% of the size of Warsaw. The ghetto was split into two areas, the "small ghetto", generally inhabited by richer Jews and the "large ghetto", where conditions were more difficult; the two ghettos were linked by a single footbridge. The Nazis then closed the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world on November 16, 1940, by building a wall, topped with barbed wire, and deploying armed guards. A child dying in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto Dead bodies in the ghetto, 25 May 1941 During the next year and a half, thousands of the Polish Jews as well as some Romani people from smaller cities and the countryside were brought into the Ghetto, while diseases (especially typhus), and starvation kept the inhabitants at about the same number. Average food rations in 1941 for Jews in Warsaw were limited to 186 cal, compared to 1,669 cal for gentile Poles and 2,614 cal for Germans. Unemployment was a major problem in the ghetto. Illegal workshops were created to manufacture goods to be sold illegally on the outside and raw goods were smuggled in often by children. Hundreds of four to five year old Jewish children went across en masse to the "Aryan side", sometimes several times a day, smuggling food into the ghettos, returning with goods that often weighed more than they did. Smuggling was often the only source of subsistence for Ghetto inhabitants, who would otherwise have died of starvation. Despite the grave hardships, life in the Warsaw Ghetto was rich with educational and cultural activities, conducted by its underground organizations. Hospitals, public soup kitchens, orphanages, refugee centers and recreation facilities were formed, as well as a school system. Some schools were illegal and operated under the guise of a soup kitchen. There were secret libraries, classes for the children and even a symphony orchestra. The life in the ghetto was chronicled by the Oyneg Shabbos group. Over 100,000 of the Ghetto's residents died due to rampant disease or starvation, as well as random killings, even before the Nazis began massive deportations of the inhabitants from the Ghetto's Umschlagplatz to the Treblinka extermination camp during the Grossaktion Warschau, part of the countrywide Operation Reinhard. Between Tisha B'Av (July 23) and Yom Kippur (September 21) of 1942, about 254,000 Ghetto residents (or at least 300,000 by different accounts) were sent to Treblinka and murdered there. In 1942 Polish resistance officer Jan Karski reported to the Western governments on the situation in the Ghetto and on the extermination camps. By the end of 1942, it was clear that the deportations were to their deaths, and many of the remaining Jews decided to fight. On January 18, 1943, the first instance of armed resistance occurred when the Germans started the final expulsion of the remaining Jews. The Jewish fighters had some success: the expulsion stopped after four days and the ŻOB and ŻZW resistance organizations took control of the Ghetto, building shelters and fighting posts and operating against Jewish collaborators. The final battle started on the eve of Passover of April 19, 1943, when a Nazi force consisting of several thousand troops entered the ghetto. After initial setbacks, the Germans under the field command of Jürgen Stroop systematically burned and blew up the ghetto buildings, block by block, rounding up or murdering anybody they could capture. Significant resistance ended on April 23, and the Nazi operation officially ended in mid-May, symbolically culminated with the demolition of the Great Synagogue of Warsaw on May 16. According to the official report, at least 56,065 people were killed on the spot or deported to German Nazi concentration and death camps, most of them to Treblinka.

Keywords:

product Warsaw Warsaw Ghetto war Poland shopping commerce cigarette gloves Hans Frank Polish Jews Romani people gentile Nożyk Synagogue purchase costumer basket market aryan Jewish buying trade World War II concentration camps Hitler ww2 Nazi Nazi Germany 1940s

Arabic :

بولندا، وارسو، هانز فرانك، اليهود البولنديين، اليهودية، الشعب الروماني، مشرك، الآرية، ومعبد Nożyk، والنازية، هتلر، SS، غيتو وارسو، والحرب، ww2، العالم الحرب الثانية، "ألمانيا النازية"، معسكرات الاعتقال، في الأربعينات من القرن الماضي، والتجارة، شراء، سوق، التسوق، شراء، المنتج، والتجارة، والسجائر، قفازات، سلة، مصمم الأزياء،,

Bulgarian :

Полша, Варшава, Ханс Франк, полски евреи, евреи, цигани, езичник, арийски, Nożyk синагога, нацистите, Хитлер, СС, Варшавското гето, война, ww2, световна война II, нацистка Германия, концлагерите, 1940-те, търговия, покупка, пазар, пазаруване, покупка, продукти, търговия, цигари, ръкавици, кошница, национална носия, ,

Catalan :

Polònia, Varsòvia, Hans Frank, jueus polonesos, jueus, gitanos, gentil, ària, Nożyk sinagoga, nazi, Hitler, SS, gueto de Varsòvia, guerra, 2 ª Guerra Mundial, món camps de concentració II, l'Alemanya Nazi, la guerra dels anys quaranta, comerç, comprar, mercat, botigues, comprar, producte, comerç, cigarrets, guants, cistella, client, ,

Chinese Simplified :

波兰，华沙，汉斯 · 弗兰克，波兰犹太人，犹太人、 吉普赛人、 外邦人，雅利安人、 Nożyk 犹太教堂、 纳粹、 希特勒、 SS、 华沙犹太区、 战争、 ww2，世界战争 II，纳粹德国集中营里上, 世纪 40 年代、 贸易、 采购、 市场、 购物、 购买产品、 商务、 香烟、 手套、 篮子、 客户，,

Chinese Traditional :

波蘭，華沙，漢斯 · 弗蘭克，波蘭猶太人，猶太人、 吉普賽人、 外邦人，雅利安人、 Nożyk 猶太教堂、 納粹、 希特勒、 SS、 華沙猶太區、 戰爭、 ww2，世界戰爭 II，納粹德國集中營裡上, 世紀 40 年代、 貿易、 採購、 市場、 購物、 購買產品、 商務、 香煙、 手套、 籃子、 客戶，,

Czech :

Polsko, Varšava, Hans Frank, polských Židů, Židé, Romové, pohan, árijský, Nożyk synagoga, nacista, Hitler, SS, varšavského ghetta, válka, ww2, světová válka II, nacistické Německo, koncentrační tábory, čtyřicátých, obchod, nákup, trh, nakupování, nákup, produkt, komerce, cigaret, rukavice, koš, zákazník, ,

Danish :

Polen, Warszawa, Hans Frank, polske jøder, jødiske, roma-folket, gentile, ariske, Nożyk synagoge, nazistiske, Hitler, SS, Warszawa Ghetto, krig, ww2, World war II, Nazityskland, koncentrationslejre, 1940s, handel, købe, marked, shopping, købe, produkt, handel, cigaret, handsker, kurv, kunden, ,

Dutch :

Polen, Warschau, Hans Frank, Poolse joden, Joden, Roma, gentile, Arische, Nożyk synagoge, nazi, Hitler, SS, het getto van Warschau, oorlog, ww2, World war II, nazi-Duitsland, concentratiekampen, de jaren 1940, handel, koop, markt, winkelen, kopen, product, handel, sigaret, handschoenen, mand, klant, ,

Estonian :

Poola, Varssavi, Hans Frank, Polish Jews, juudi, mustlased, gentile, aaria, Nożyk sünagoogi, natsi, Hitler, SS, Varssavi geto, sõda, ww2, World war II, natsi-Saksamaa koonduslaagreid, 1940s, kaubandus, osta, turu, kaubanduskeskused, osta toode, kaubandus, sigaret, kindad, basket, komisjonitasu, ,

Finnish :

Puola, Varsova, Hans Frank, Puolan juutalaisia, juutalaiset, romanit, pakana, arjalainen, kuten Nożyk synagoga, natsi, Hitler, SS, Warsaw Ghetto, sota, ww2, World war II, natsi-Saksan keskitysleirien 1940-luvulla, kaupan, ostaa, markkinoiden, ostokset, ostaa tuotteen, kaupankäynnin, savuke, käsineet, kori, asiakastuki, ,

French :

Pologne, Varsovie, Hans Frank, Juifs polonais, Juifs, Roms, gentile, Aryan, Synagogue de Nożyki, nazi, Hitler, SS, du Ghetto de Varsovie, war, ww2, monde II, l'Allemagne nazie, les camps de concentration, du guerre des années 1940, échanger, acheter, marché, shopping, achat, produit, commerce, cigarette, gants, panier, costumier, ,

German :

Polen, Warschau, Hans Frank, polnische Juden, Juden, Sinti, Gentile, Aryan, Nożyk Synagoge, Nazi, Hitler, SS, Warschauer Ghetto, Krieg, ww2, Welt Krieg II, Nationalsozialismus, Konzentrationslager, 1940er Jahre, Handel, kaufen, Markt, Einkaufen, kaufen, Produkt, Handel, Zigarette, Handschuhe, Korb, Kunde, ,

Greek :

Πολωνία, Βαρσοβία, Χανς Φρανκ, Πολωνών Εβραίων, εβραϊκή, Ρομά, Τζεντίλε, άριος, Nożyk συναγωγή, ναζιστική, Χίτλερ, SS, γκέτο της Βαρσοβίας, πόλεμος, ww2, παγκόσμιο πόλεμο ΙΙ, ναζιστική Γερμανία, στρατόπεδα συγκέντρωσης, του 1940, εμπόριο, αγορά, αγορά, ψώνια, αγορά, προϊόντων, εμπόριο, τσιγάρο, γάντια, καλάθι, πελάτη, ,

Haitian Creole :

Polòy, Vasovi, Hans Frank, Lapolòy jwif yo, jwif, Romani pèp, soupl, Aryenne, Nożyk sinagòg, nazi, Hitler, SS, geto Warsaw, lagè, ww2, sou latè lagè II, Almay Nazi konsantrasyon kan yo, 40, Commerce, achte, mache, achat, achte, pwodwi, City of commerce, sigarèt, gan, panyen an, costumer, ,

Hebrew :

פולין, ורשה, הנס פרנק, יהודים פולנים, יהודים, צוענים, גוי, הארי, בית הכנסת נוז'יק, נאצים, היטלר, אס. אס, גטו ורשה, מלחמה, ww2, העולם המלחמה השנייה, גרמניה הנאצית, מחנות הריכוז, שנות ה-40, לסחור, לרכוש, שוק, קניות, קונה, מוצר, מסחר, סיגריה, כפפות, סל, לקוחות, ,

Hindi :

पोलैंड, वॉरसॉ, हैंस फ्रैंक, पोलिश यहूदी, यहूदी, रोमानी लोग, अन्यजातियों, आर्यन, Nożyk आराधनालय, नाजी, हिटलर, एस एस, वॉरसॉ यहूदी बस्ती, युद्ध, ww2, विश्व युद्ध II, नाजी जर्मनी, एकाग्रता शिविरों, 1940 के दशक, व्यापार, खरीद, बाजार, खरीदारी, खरीद, उत्पाद, वाणिज्य, सिगरेट, दस्ताने, टोकरी, costumer, ,

Hungarian :

Lengyelország, Varsó, Hans Frank, lengyel zsidó, zsidó, Roma, zsidó, árja, Nożyk Synagogue, nácik, Hitler, SS, varsói gettó, háború, ww2, World war II, náci Németország, koncentrációs táborok, 1940-es években, kereskedelmi, vásárlás, piac, vásárlás, vásárlás, termék, kereskedelem, cigaretta, kesztyű, kosár, ruha, ,

Indonesian :

Polandia, Warsawa, Hans Frank, Yahudi Polandia, Yahudi, orang-orang Romani, kafir, Aryan, Nożyk Synagogue, nazi, Hitler, SS, Ghetto Warsawa, perang, ww2, dunia perang II, Nazi Jerman, kamp konsentrasi, 1940-an, perdagangan, membeli, pasar, belanja, membeli, produk, perdagangan, Rokok, sarung tangan, keranjang, konsumen, ,

Italian :

Polonia, Varsavia, Hans Frank, gli ebrei polacchi, ebrei, Sinti, gentile, Ariana, Nożyk Synagogue, nazista, Hitler, SS, Ghetto di Varsavia, guerra, ww2, mondo, campi di concentramento II, Germania nazista, la guerra del 1940, commercio, acquisto, mercato, shopping, acquisto, prodotti, commercio, sigaretta, guanti, cesto, costumista, ,

Japanese :

ポーランド、ワルシャワ、Hans フランク、ポーランド系ユダヤ人、ユダヤ人、ロマ、ジェンティーレ、アーリア人、Nożyk のシナゴーグ、ナチス、ヒトラー、SS、ワルシャワのゲットー、戦争、ww2、世界戦争の II、ナチス ・ ドイツの強制収容所、1940 年代、貿易、購入、市場、ショッピング、購入、製品、商業、タバコ、手袋、バスケット、貸衣装、,

Korean :

폴란드, 바르샤바, 한스 프랭크, 폴란드 유대인, 유태인, Romani 사람들, 이방인, 아리아, Nożyk 유대교 회당, 나치, 히틀러, SS, 와르소 유대인 거리, 전쟁, ww2, 세계 전쟁 II, 나치 독일 강제 수용소, 1940, 무역, 구매, 시장, 쇼핑, 구매, 제품, 상업, 담배, 장갑, 바구니, costumer, ,

Latvian :

Polija, Varšava, Hans Frank, poļu ebreji, ebreju, čigāni, gentile, āriešu, Nożyk sinagogu, nacistu, Hitlers, SS, Varšavas geto, kara, ww2, pasaules kara II, nacistiskās Vācijas koncentrācijas nometnēs, 1940s, tirdzniecības, iegādāties tirgū, iepirkšanās, pērk produktu, komercija, cigarešu, cimdi, grozu, klientu, ,

Lithuanian :

Lenkija, Varšuva, Hans frankas, Lenkijos žydų, žydų, čigonų, pagonių, arijų, Nożyk sinagoga, nacių, Hitleris, SS, Varšuvos getas, karo, ww2, pasaulio karo II, nacistinės Vokietijos, koncentracijos stovyklos, 1940-aisiais, prekyba, pirkti, rinkos, Šopingas, pirkimas, produkto, komercijos, cigarečių, pirštinės, krepšys, costumer, ,

Norwegian :

Polen, Warszawa, Hans Frank, polske jøder, jødiske, sigøynere, hedninger, ariske, Nożyk synagogen, nazi, Hitler, SS, ghettoen, krig, ww2, verden krig II, Nazi-Tyskland konsentrasjonsleire, 1940-tallet, handel, kjøpe, markedet, shopping, Kjøp, produkt, handel, sigarett, hansker, kurv, kunden, ,

Polish :

Polska, Warszawa, Hans Frank, Polskich Żydów, żydowskiej, Romowie, pogan, Aryan, Synagoga, nazistowskich, Hitler, SS, warszawskiego getta, wojny, ww2, świat wojny II Rzeszy, obozów koncentracyjnych, lat 40, handlu, zakup, rynku, zakupy, kupno, produkt, handel, papieros, rękawice, kosz, strój, ,

Portuguese :

Polônia, Varsóvia, Hans Frank, judeus polacos, judeus, ciganos, gentile, Ariana, sinagoga Nożyk, nazista, Hitler, SS, gueto de Varsóvia, guerra, ww2, mundo guerra campos de concentração II, a Alemanha nazista, de 1940, negociar, comprar, mercado, compras, compra, produto, comércio, cigarro, luvas, cesta, cliente, ,

Romanian :

Polonia, Varsovia, Hans Frank, evreii polonezi, evreilor, rromilor, neamuri, ariene, Sinagoga Nożyk, nazist, Hitler, SS, ghetoul Varșovia, război, ww2, lume război II, Germania nazistă, lagărele de concentrare, 1940s, comerciale, de cumpărare, de piaţă, cumparaturi, cumpara, produse, comert, ţigară, mănuşi, coş, clientului, ,

Russian :

Польша, Варшава, Ганс Франк, польских евреев, евреев, цыган, язычников, арийской, Синагога Ножиков, нацистов, Гитлера, СС, Варшавского гетто, война, ww2, мировой войны II, нацистской Германии, концентрационные лагеря, в 1940-х, торговля, покупки, рынок, Магазины, покупки, продукт, торговли, сигареты, перчатки, корзина, костюмера, ,

Slovak :

Poľsko, Varšava, Hans Frank, poľských Židov, židovských, Rómovia, pohan, Aryan, Nożyk synagógy, nacistickej, Hitler SS Varšavského geta, vojnu, ww2, svetová vojna II, nacistické Nemecko, koncentračných táborov, 1940s, Obchod, nákup, trhu, nakupovanie, nákup, produkt commerce, cigarety, rukavice, Kôš, zákazník, ,

Slovenian :

Poljska, Varšava, Hans Frank, poljski Judje, judovski, Romani ljudi, gentile, Aryan, Nożyk sinagoga, nacistične, Hitler SS, Varšava židovska četrt, vojne, ww2, World war II, nacistični Nemčiji, koncentracijska taborišča, leta 1940, trgovina, nakup, trg, nakupovanje, nakup, izdelek, commerce, cigareta, rokavice, košaro, kupec, ,

Spanish :

Polonia, Varsovia, Hans Frank, judíos polacos, judíos, romaníes, gentile, Aria, Nożyk sinagoga, nazi, Hitler, SS, gueto de Varsovia, guerra, ww2, World los campos de concentración II, la Alemania Nazi, la guerra de los años 40, comercio, compra, mercado, compras, compras, producto, comercio, cigarrillo, guantes, cesta, cliente, ,

Swedish :

Polen, Warszawa, Hans Frank, polska judar, judiska, romska människor, gentile, ariska, Nożyk synagogan, nazi, Hitler, SS, Warsaw getto, krig, ww2, världen kriger II, Nazityskland, koncentrationsläger, 1940-talet, handel, inköp, marknad, shopping, handel, produkt, handel, cigarett, handskar, korg, kund, ,

Thai :

โปแลนด์ วอร์ซอ ฮันส์ Frank โปแลนด์ยิว ยิว ชาวโรมานี gentile อารยัน โบสถ์ Nożyk นา ซี ฮิตเลอร์ SS วอร์ซอเกตโต สงคราม ww2 โลกสงคราม II นาซีเยอรมนี ค่ายกักกัน ทศวรรษ 1940 โดย ค้า ซื้อ ตลาด ซื้อ ซื้อ ผลิตภัณฑ์ พาณิชย์ บุหรี่ ถุงมือ ตะกร้าสินค้า ลูกค้า,

Turkish :

Polonya, Varşova, Hans Frank, Polonyalı Yahudiler, Yahudi, roman insanlar, gentile, Aryan, Nożyk Sinagogu, nazi, Hitler, SS, Varşova gettosu, savaş, ww2, dünya savaş II, Nazi Almanya'sı, toplama kampları, 1940'larda, ticaret, satın, market, alışveriş, satın alma, ürün, ticaret, Sigara, eldiven, sepet, müşteri, ,

Ukrainian :

Польща, Варшава, Ганса Франка, польських євреїв, єврейських, Romani людей, язичник, арійської, Nożyk синагозі, нацистська, Гітлер, СС, Варшавське Гетто, війни, 2МВ, світ, війни II, нацистської Німеччини, концентраційних таборів, 1940-х років, торгівлі, придбання, ринок, по магазинах, покупка, продукт, комерції, сигарета, рукавички, кошик, з продажу, ,

Vietnamese :

Ba Lan, warsaw, Hans Frank, Polish Jews, do Thái, người Romani, gentile, Aryan, Nożyk Synagogue, phát xít, Hitler, SS, Warsaw Ghetto, chiến tranh, ww2, thế giới chiến tranh II, phát xít Đức, trại tập trung, thập niên 1940, thương mại, Mua, thị trường, Mua sắm, Mua, sản phẩm, thương mại, thuốc lá, găng tay, giá trong giỏ hàng, trang phục, ,