Warsaw ghetto: Jewish soldiers are in line (00:00:08)
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Warsaw ghetto: Jewish soldiers are in line The Warsaw Ghetto was established by the German Governor-General Hans Frank on October 16, 1940. Frank ordered Jews in Warsaw and its suburbs rounded up and herded into the Ghetto. At this time, the population in the Ghetto was estimated to be 400,000 people, about 30% of the population of Warsaw; however, the size of the Ghetto was about 2.4% of the size of Warsaw. The ghetto was split into two areas, the "small ghetto", generally inhabited by richer Jews and the "large ghetto", where conditions were more difficult; the two ghettos were linked by a single footbridge. The Nazis then closed the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world on November 16, 1940, by building a wall, topped with barbed wire, and deploying armed guards. A child dying in the streets of the Warsaw Ghetto Dead bodies in the ghetto, 25 May 1941 During the next year and a half, thousands of the Polish Jews as well as some Romani people from smaller cities and the countryside were brought into the Ghetto, while diseases (especially typhus), and starvation kept the inhabitants at about the same number. Average food rations in 1941 for Jews in Warsaw were limited to 186 cal, compared to 1,669 cal for gentile Poles and 2,614 cal for Germans. Unemployment was a major problem in the ghetto. Illegal workshops were created to manufacture goods to be sold illegally on the outside and raw goods were smuggled in often by children. Hundreds of four to five year old Jewish children went across en masse to the "Aryan side", sometimes several times a day, smuggling food into the ghettos, returning with goods that often weighed more than they did. Smuggling was often the only source of subsistence for Ghetto inhabitants, who would otherwise have died of starvation. Despite the grave hardships, life in the Warsaw Ghetto was rich with educational and cultural activities, conducted by its underground organizations. Hospitals, public soup kitchens, orphanages, refugee centers and recreation facilities were formed, as well as a school system. Some schools were illegal and operated under the guise of a soup kitchen. There were secret libraries, classes for the children and even a symphony orchestra. The life in the ghetto was chronicled by the Oyneg Shabbos group. Over 100,000 of the Ghetto's residents died due to rampant disease or starvation, as well as random killings, even before the Nazis began massive deportations of the inhabitants from the Ghetto's Umschlagplatz to the Treblinka extermination camp during the Grossaktion Warschau, part of the countrywide Operation Reinhard. Between Tisha B'Av (July 23) and Yom Kippur (September 21) of 1942, about 254,000 Ghetto residents (or at least 300,000 by different accounts) were sent to Treblinka and murdered there. In 1942 Polish resistance officer Jan Karski reported to the Western governments on the situation in the Ghetto and on the extermination camps. By the end of 1942, it was clear that the deportations were to their deaths, and many of the remaining Jews decided to fight. On January 18, 1943, the first instance of armed resistance occurred when the Germans started the final expulsion of the remaining Jews. The Jewish fighters had some success: the expulsion stopped after four days and the ŻOB and ŻZW resistance organizations took control of the Ghetto, building shelters and fighting posts and operating against Jewish collaborators. The final battle started on the eve of Passover of April 19, 1943, when a Nazi force consisting of several thousand troops entered the ghetto. After initial setbacks, the Germans under the field command of Jürgen Stroop systematically burned and blew up the ghetto buildings, block by block, rounding up or murdering anybody they could capture. Significant resistance ended on April 23, and the Nazi operation officially ended in mid-May, symbolically culminated with the demolition of the Great Synagogue of Warsaw on May 16. According to the official report, at least 56,065 people were killed on the spot or deported to German Nazi concentration and death camps, most of them to Treblinka.

Keywords:

Warsaw Warsaw Ghetto war Poland line Hans Frank Polish Jews Romani people gentile Nożyk Synagogue aryan soldier Jewish World War II concentration camps Hitler ww2 Nazi Nazi Germany 1940s

Arabic :

بولندا، وارسو، هانز فرانك، اليهود البولنديين، اليهودية، الشعب الروماني، مشرك، الآرية، ومعبد Nożyk، والنازية، هتلر، SS، غيتو وارسو، والحرب، ww2، الحرب العالمية الثانية، ألمانيا النازية، معسكرات الاعتقال، والجندي في الأربعينات من القرن الماضي،، وخط،,

Bulgarian :

Полша, Варшава, Ханс Франк, полски евреи, евреи, цигани, езичник, арийски, Nożyk синагога, нацистите, Хитлер, СС, Варшавското гето, война, ww2, Втората световна война, нацистка Германия, концлагерите, 1940, войник, линия, ,

Catalan :

Polònia, Varsòvia, Hans Frank, jueus polonesos, jueus, gitanos, gentil, ària, Nożyk sinagoga, nazi, Hitler, SS, gueto de Varsòvia, guerra, 2 ª Guerra Mundial, la Segona Guerra Mundial, Alemanya Nazi, camps de concentració, dels anys quaranta, soldat, línia, ,

Chinese Simplified :

波兰，华沙，汉斯 · 弗兰克、 波兰的犹太人，犹太人、 吉普赛人、 外邦人，雅利安人，Nożyk 犹太教堂，纳粹，希特勒、 SS、 华沙犹太区、 战争、 ww2，二次世界大战，纳粹德国的集中营，20 世纪 40 年代，士兵，线，,

Chinese Traditional :

波蘭，華沙，漢斯 · 弗蘭克、 波蘭的猶太人，猶太人、 吉普賽人、 外邦人，雅利安人，Nożyk 猶太教堂，納粹，希特勒、 SS、 華沙猶太區、 戰爭、 ww2，二次世界大戰，納粹德國的集中營，20 世紀 40 年代，士兵，線，,

Czech :

Polsko, Varšava, Hans Frank, polských Židů, Židé, Romové, pohan, árijský, Nożyk synagoga, nacista, Hitler, SS, varšavského ghetta, válka, ww2, druhá světová válka, nacistické Německo, koncentrační tábory, 1940, vojáku, linie, ,

Danish :

Polen, Warszawa, Hans Frank, polske jøder, jødiske, roma-folket, gentile, ariske, Nożyk synagoge, nazistiske, Hitler, SS, Warszawa Ghetto, krig, ww2, anden verdenskrig, Nazi-Tyskland, koncentrationslejre, 1940 ' erne, soldat, line, ,

Dutch :

Polen, Warschau, Hans Frank, Poolse joden, Joden, Roma, gentile, Arische, Nożyk synagoge, nazi, Hitler, SS, het getto van Warschau, oorlog, ww2, tweede Wereldoorlog, nazi-Duitsland, concentratiekampen, de jaren 1940, soldaat, lijn, ,

Estonian :

Poola, Varssavi, Hans Frank, Polish Jews, juudi, mustlased, gentile, aaria, Nożyk sünagoogi, natsi, Hitler, SS, Varssavi geto, sõda, ww2, II maailmasõda, natsliku Saksamaa, koonduslaagreid, 1940, sõdur, liin, ,

Finnish :

Puola, Varsova, Hans Frank, Puolan juutalaisia, juutalaiset, romanit, pakana, arjalainen, kuten Nożyk synagoga, natsi, Hitler, SS, Warsaw Ghetto, sota, ww2, toinen maailmansota, natsi-Saksan keskitysleirien, 1940, sotilas, linja, ,

French :

Pologne, Varsovie, Hans Frank, Juifs polonais, Juifs, Roms, gentile, Aryan, Synagogue de Nożyki, nazi, Hitler, SS, du Ghetto de Varsovie, war, ww2, la seconde guerre mondiale, l'Allemagne nazie, les camps de concentration, des années 1940, soldat, line, ,

German :

Polen, Warschau, Hans Frank, polnische Juden, Juden, Sinti, Gentile, Aryan, Nożyk Synagoge, Nazi, Hitler, SS, Warschauer Ghetto, Krieg, ww2, Weltkrieg, Nationalsozialismus, Konzentrationslager, 1940er Jahre, Soldat, Linie, ,

Greek :

Πολωνία, Βαρσοβία, Χανς Φρανκ, Πολωνών Εβραίων, εβραϊκή, Ρομά, Τζεντίλε, άριος, Nożyk συναγωγή, ναζιστική, Χίτλερ, SS, γκέτο της Βαρσοβίας, πόλεμος, ww2, τον δεύτερο παγκόσμιο πόλεμο, η ναζιστική Γερμανία, στρατόπεδα συγκέντρωσης, του 1940, στρατιώτης, γραμμή, ,

Haitian Creole :

Polòy, Vasovi, Hans Frank, Lapolòy jwif yo, jwif, Romani pèp, soupl, Aryenne, Nożyk sinagòg, nazi, Hitler, SS, geto Warsaw, lagè, ww2, gè MONDYAL, Almay Nazi, konsantrasyon kan yo, sòlda années, liy, ,

Hebrew :

פולין, ורשה, הנס פרנק, יהודים פולנים, יהודים, צוענים, גוי, הארי, בית הכנסת נוז'יק, נאצים, היטלר, אס. אס, גטו ורשה, מלחמה, ww2, מלחמת העולם השנייה, גרמניה הנאצית, מחנות הריכוז, שנות ה-40, חייל, קו, ,

Hindi :

पोलैंड, वॉरसॉ, हैंस फ्रैंक, पोलिश यहूदी, यहूदी, रोमानी लोग, अन्यजातियों, आर्यन, Nożyk आराधनालय, नाजी, हिटलर, एस एस, वॉरसॉ यहूदी बस्ती, युद्ध, ww2, द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध, नाजी जर्मनी, एकाग्रता शिविरों, 1940 के दशक, सैनिक, रेखा, ,

Hungarian :

Lengyelország, Varsó, Hans Frank, lengyel zsidó, zsidó, Roma, zsidó, árja, Nożyk Synagogue, nácik, Hitler, a SS, a Varsói gettó, a háború, a ww2, második világháború, a náci Németország, koncentrációs táborok, 1940-es években, katona, vonal, ,

Indonesian :

Polandia, Warsawa, Hans Frank, Yahudi Polandia, Yahudi, orang-orang Romani, kafir, Aryan, Nożyk Synagogue, nazi, Hitler, SS, Ghetto Warsawa, perang, ww2, Perang Dunia II, Nazi Jerman, kamp-kamp konsentrasi, 1940-an, prajurit, garis, ,

Italian :

Polonia, Varsavia, Hans Frank, gli ebrei polacchi, ebrei, Sinti, gentile, Ariana, Nożyk Synagogue, nazista, Hitler, SS, Ghetto di Varsavia, guerra, ww2, seconda guerra mondiale, la Germania nazista, campi di concentramento, 1940, soldato, linea, ,

Japanese :

ポーランド、ワルシャワ、Hans フランク、ポーランド系ユダヤ人、ユダヤ人、ロマ、ジェンティーレ、アーリア人、Nożyk のシナゴーグ、ナチス、ヒトラー、SS、ワルシャワのゲットー、戦争、ww2、第二次世界大戦、ナチドイツの強制収容所、1940 年代、兵士、ライン、,

Korean :

폴란드, 바르샤바, 한스 프랭크, 폴란드 유대인, 유태인, Romani 사람들, 이방인, 아리아, Nożyk 유대교 회당, 나치, 히틀러, SS, 와르소 유대인 거리, 전쟁, ww2, 제 2 차 세계 대전, 나치 독일 강제 수용소, 1940 년대, 군인, 라인, ,

Latvian :

Polija, Varšava, Hans Frank, poļu ebreji, ebreju, čigāni, gentile, āriešu, Nożyk sinagogu, nacistu, Hitlers, SS, Varšavas geto, kara, ww2, II pasaules kara, Vācijas nacistu koncentrācijas nometnēs, 1940s, karavīrs, līniju, ,

Lithuanian :

Lenkija, Varšuva, Hans frankas, Lenkijos žydų, žydų, čigonų, pagonių, arijų, Nożyk sinagoga, nacių, Hitleris, SS, Varšuvos getas, karo, ww2, antrojo pasaulinio karo, nacių Vokietija, koncentracijos stovyklos, 1940-aisiais, karys, linijos, ,

Norwegian :

Polen, Warszawa, Hans Frank, polske jøder, jødiske, sigøynere, hedninger, ariske, Nożyk synagogen, nazi, Hitler, SS, ghettoen, krig, ww2, andre VERDENSKRIG, Nazi Tyskland, konsentrasjonsleire, 1940 soldat, linje, ,

Polish :

Polska, Warszawa, Hans Frank, Polskich Żydów, żydowskiej, Romowie, pogan, Aryan, Synagoga, nazistowskich, Hitler, SS, warszawskiego getta, wojny, ww2, II wojny światowej, nazistowskie Niemcy, obozów koncentracyjnych, 1940, żołnierz, linii, ,

Portuguese :

Polônia, Varsóvia, Hans Frank, judeus polacos, judeus, ciganos, gentile, Ariana, sinagoga Nożyk, nazista, Hitler SS, gueto de Varsóvia, guerra, 2ª Guerra Mundial, segunda guerra mundial, a Alemanha nazista, campos de concentração, de 1940, soldado, linha, ,

Romanian :

Polonia, Varşovia, Hans Frank, evreii polonezi, evreilor, rromilor, neamuri, ariene, Sinagoga Nożyk, naziste, Hitler, SS, ghetoul Varșovia, război, ww2, al doilea război mondial, Germania nazistă, lagărele de concentrare, 1940, soldat, linie, ,

Russian :

Польша, Варшава, Ганс Франк, польских евреев, евреев, цыган, язычников, арийской, Синагога Ножиков, нацистов, Гитлера, СС, Варшавского гетто, война, ww2, второй мировой войны, нацистской Германии, концентрационных лагерей, солдат 1940-х годов, линии, ,

Slovak :

Poľsko, Varšava, Hans Frank, poľských Židov, židovských, Rómovia, pohan, Aryan, Nożyk synagógy, nacistickej, Hitler SS, Varšavského geta, vojnu, ww2, svetovej vojny, nacistické Nemecko, koncentračných táborov, 1940, vojak, riadok, ,

Slovenian :

Poljska, Varšava, Hans Frank, poljski Judje, judovski, Romani ljudi, gentile, Aryan, Nożyk sinagoga, nacistične, Hitler SS, Varšava židovska četrt, vojne, ww2, svetovna vojna, nacistična Nemčija, koncentracijska taborišča, 1940, vojak, line, ,

Spanish :

Polonia, Varsovia, Hans Frank, judíos polacos, judíos, romaníes, gentile, Aria, Nożyk sinagoga, nazi, Hitler, SS, gueto de Varsovia, guerra, ww2, segunda guerra mundial, la Alemania Nazi, campos de concentración, 1940, soldado, línea, ,

Swedish :

Polen, Warszawa, Hans Frank, polska judar, judiska, romska människor, gentile, ariska, Nożyk synagogan, nazi, Hitler, SS, Warsaw getto, krig, ww2, andra världskriget, Nazityskland, koncentrationsläger, 1940-talet, soldat, linje, ,

Thai :

โปแลนด์ วอร์ซอ ฮันส์ Frank โปแลนด์ชาวยิว ชาวยิว ชาวโรมานี gentile อารยัน โบสถ์ Nożyk นา ซี ฮิตเลอร์ SS วอร์ซอเกตโต สงคราม ww2 สงครามโลก นาซีเยอรมนี ค่ายสมาธิ ทศวรรษ 1940 โดย ทหารคน สาย,

Turkish :

Polonya, Varşova, Hans Frank, Polonyalı Yahudiler, Yahudi, roman insanlar, gentile, Aryan, Nożyk Sinagogu, nazi, Hitler, SS, Varşova gettosu, savaş, ww2, İkinci Dünya Savaşı, Nazi Almanya, toplama kampları, 1940'larda, asker, hat, ,

Ukrainian :

Польща, Варшава, Ганса Франка, польських євреїв, єврейських, Romani людей, язичник, арійської, Nożyk синагозі, нацистська, Гітлер СС Варшавське Гетто, війна, 2МВ, Другої світової війни, нацистська Німеччина, концентраційних таборів, 1940-х, солдат, лінія, ,

Vietnamese :

Ba Lan, warsaw, Hans Frank, Ba Lan người Do Thái, do Thái, người Romani, gentile, Aryan, Nożyk Synagogue, phát xít, Hitler, SS, Warsaw Ghetto, chiến tranh, ww2, Đệ nhị thế chiến, Đức Quốc xã Đức, trại tập trung, thập niên 1940, người lính, dòng, ,